Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your federal income tax from gross income, filing status, and pre-tax contributions using 2025 brackets and the standard deduction. Calculates in your browser.
Estimated federal income tax
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Show the math
Tax applies to income after the standard deduction and pre-tax money:
taxable = gross − pre-tax − standard deduction
tax = sum of each bracket slice × its rate
Uses 2025 federal brackets and standard deductions ($15,750 single · $31,500 joint · $23,625 head of household). This estimate ignores credits, state tax, and itemizing, it's for planning only, not tax advice. All math runs locally in your browser.
What this does
An income tax calculator estimates your federal income tax from gross income, filing status, and pre-tax contributions, using the current brackets and the standard deduction.
How it works
Your taxable income (gross minus pre-tax contributions and the standard deduction) is taxed in slices, each at its bracket rate. Your marginal rate applies only to the top slice, not the whole income.
How to use it
- Enter your gross income and filing status.
- Add any pre-tax contributions.
- Read your estimated federal tax.
- See your marginal and effective rates.
Understanding your result
The effective rate (total tax ÷ gross income) is always lower than the marginal rate. This estimates federal tax before credits and excludes state income tax, so your actual bill may be lower.
Example
A single filer with $60,000 gross taking the standard deduction has a marginal rate of 22% but an effective rate near 11%.
Sources & methodology
- IRS, Federal Income Tax Rates and Brackets, Current brackets and how tax is figured
- IRS, Standard Deduction, Standard deduction amounts by status
Last updated .
Frequently asked questions
How is income tax calculated?
Your taxable income (gross minus pre-tax contributions and the standard deduction) is taxed in slices, each at its bracket rate. The marginal rate applies only to your top slice.
What is the difference between marginal and effective rate?
The marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar; the effective rate is total tax divided by gross income, which is always lower.
Does this include state tax or credits?
No. It estimates federal tax before credits (like the child tax credit) and excludes state income tax, so your actual bill may be lower.
Is my data kept?
No. Everything is computed locally in your browser.
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